Like language, we may not be able to find a creator for vernacular urbanization and architecture. These have been built by people, by the creative power of society over a long period of time. These spaces can be seen, neither as a work of art nor an intellectual achievement, but as a living process, an open-ended dynamic activity in which each generation adds a new meaning and enriches it with its contradictions. The core of tradition is that there is a direct link between a society's design and its social health and identity. Design is a manifestation of the social, political and economic situation. It is also clear that no city or building is developed by itself. There is a need for human intervention to generate types of spaces. This is possible by planning or a design process, either via participatory mechanisms or by the designer's sentience and knowledge. This arcticl is an attempt to explore the diverse ways in which we perceive our environment and will provide an analytical survey 'of the problems that beset us. Later, It will bring these various elements into perspective and offer some directives for the establishment of humanity' in the built environment and say that the mainspring, for the designers and planners, is evidently the life - in all its breadth and depth - of the people for whom they are designing; and the ways they sustain that life depend on the depth of their knowledge and understanding of it - as their ancestors did in a traditional way.

This word is paid attention to throughy general and specific reasons, and so the this article is to investigate the Justice Principle, which is a rule of figh (canonical law) with many effects, and to prove it via legal reasons. At first, the article considers the importance of justice according to the nobles, statements; then, in the main body of the article, the meaning of generality of this principle is proved. In another part of the article, legal examples of this principle are mentioned, and the relationship between this principle and the lost-drawing principle is cited; it is also proved that the former is prior to the latter. And finally, the consequence of this principle is explained; it is also concluded that an Islamic jurist has to regard this principle in his decree (fitwa), and some examples are also mentioned in this regard.

Background and Aim: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common clinical problems for which various treatments have been carried out so far. Considering the abdominal drawing maneuver effects on the performance of lumbopelvic muscles and the effect of these muscles themselves on the lumbar lordosis, and also having in mind the relationship between lumbar lordosis and low back pain, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ADIM on the lumbar lordosis angle in patients with chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 women with chronic low back pain and lumbar hyperlordotic posture took part in the study. To measure the lumbar lordosis angle in standing posture, we used the Cobb method in radiographies with lateral view. Results: The mean difference between the lodosis angles (before and after applying the maneuver) was 11. 276, meaning that prior to applying the ADIM, the lordosis angle was more than that after applying it (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the findings, applying ADIM in standing position in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar hyperlordotic posture can result in lordosis decrease and lumbar alignment improvement and it also decreases the chronic pain in this region.

Andre Makine, a writer of Russian ancestry residing in France, propounds the west enthusiastically and lyrically in his early novels. He visualizes the west as a lost paradise which is both fascinating and fanciful contrary to his childhood vision of Russia. However, as time passes, following his immigration to France, his encounter with reality shatters and ruins the rudimental idealism which had earlier shaped his mind. A different outlook germinates in his reflection. That is why, the more we penetrate into his writings, the two terms east and west mingle with one another all the more and end up as ambiguous and mute; the early passion and fervor giving way to a critical perception. The Russian Atlantid replaces the French one and his nostalgic view of his childhood can be traced in his works. In the meantime, journey as the core of his writings act as an excuse and concern for the writer vis-à-vis identity, encounter between reality and imagination, and problems erupting from conflict between two cultures and languages.

The double is one of the literary themes in Julio Cortazar’s works. He, as a master of imaginative literature, has explained the double skillfully and has written several stories about it. Nowadays, his stories are famous not only in Latin American Literature but also in world classical literary works. He explains different types of the double related to human identify which is a different type of imaginative literature. This research is a survey about the double in one of his stories “Island in Midday”. In this story Marini, the steward, flies from Tehran to Rome above the Greek Island, Sirus, in the Ezheh Sea. The island attracts the man. While he is looking at the Island, he imagines himself in the island, and the story continues as such.

Present study describes approach of applying RSM with a Pareto-based multi-objective GA to optimize the deep drawing process. Previous studies, integrated the FEA and optimization technique to find the optimal parameters by transforming multi objective-problem into a single-objective problem. This paper aims to minimize the functions of fracture and wrinkle. Design variables are blank-holding-force and draw-beads geometry. RSM has been used for design of experiment and finding relationships between variables and functions. Proposed approach has been investigated on a fuel-tank drawing part and it has been observed that it is more effective and accurate than traditional ‘trial and error’ procedure.

In this paper comparison of finite element results and experimental observations of the hydroforming deep drawing is considered in which fluid pressure is used instead of die. Effects of hydro forming parameters during the process are studied, and a comparison with conventional method in deep drawing of aluminum alloys sheets with different blank diameters is presented. Large strain effects, anisotropic material properties, and the Coulomb friction theory in contact surfaces have been considered. ABAQUS code was used for simulation of process. In the first step, the numerical results have been verified by available experimental results, which showed a good agreement. These results contain force-punch travel and thickness strain. In the next step, the effects of initial pressure, friction, and punch radius on wrinkling, tearing, earring, and thickness strain have been studied. The results showed the range of pressure container for the hydro forming deep drawing. A comparison between some of the common deep drawing methods has been presented based on two main failure criteria and thickness strain criteria. Finally it is concluded that the hydro forming process is a more efficient method for achieving the higher drawing rate with respect to the conventional methods.